The myth of Erasmus back translating is based on a misconstruction (to put it in the kindest possible light) of statements made by Erasmus in his Apologia addressed to Stunica of the Complutensian team, in his Annotations to the Apocalypse, the Book of Revelation, and in his replies to the criticisms of Lee. Let me say that again: The Textus Receptus got its name because of a marketing ploy. It bears traces of careless transcription in every page. There are three major textual families/text types. 4. In fact, the most common type of Textual Variant is spelling differences, often a single letter. Most often, they are simple scribal errors. Thanks so much for all your analysis. (or which version of the TR if you mean the TR?). In the end, the entire Confessional Position can be boiled down to a single question: This is the issue for the Confessional Position. 1 Comfort, yes, comfort My people! If you do, the Majority Text would look radically different than the mostly pure Byzantine Majority Text that currently comprises the Majority Text. 10 For this cause the woman ought to have authority over her own head, because of the angels. The Confessional Position says the God must have kept (the scriptures) pure in all ages. It simply means He has promised to preserve His Word for His true church in every generation. Sorry about my declining math skills. In fact, the primary author/editor of the modern Critical Text (Kurt Aland) said this: B is by far the most significant of the uncials Kurt Aland, Source: The Text of the New Testament By Aland, (Note: Uncials is the plural of uncial, which refers to an all capital font. The Alexandrian text is about 5% smaller than the Byzantine text, and there are some differences in words between the two texts. The relevant portion says: Textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus receptum: in quo nihil immutatum aut corruptum damus, (Roughly Translated: so you hold the text, now received by all, in which nothing (is) corrupt.). I poked around a bit on that website you linked to and they have some odd beliefs that make me want other sources to corroborate. I want to give the men knowledge without taking a side (although I certainly have my own preference). To dispel the confusion, Im going to quote from the primary source: the finders own account of how he found it. Regardless, that is the Confessional Position. The Ecclesiastical Text has a few nuances of meaning depending on which circles you run in, so which specific manuscript are you referring to? BTW, you can read all of Codex Sinaiticus online if you wish at the Codex Sinaiticus Project website. Do you see the promise of preservation in the Scripture? The Textus Receptus goes back to the early Christians. VIII. The is no Greek or Hebrew text upon which the the original KJV translators based their text. The main source for Bezas New Testament was Robert Estiennes 1550 Greek New Testament. (Please send me an email via the contact page if you find some.). So in the text types of Homer, you have: Among scholars, theres little doubt that the medium text type of Homer is the original, while the short is the result of scholarly revision. But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christby grace you have been saved and raised us up with him and seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, so that in the coming ages he might show the immeasurable riches of his grace in kindness towards us in Christ Jesus. He was able to view 43 sheets, which was a third of the sheets that were to be burned. Further, the NASB uses a modern reprint of the exact same text underlying the KJV. Do you really know for a fact what those churches were using during that period, when you have less than 1% of the evidence? Literally this means: because of this ought the woman authority to have over the head because of the angels. Textual criticism And carry them in His bosom, Its worth noting that Codex Sinaiticus is far longer than 130 pages. You who bring good tidings, The best translations article is much more practical. You can argue that it didnt matter for later editions because they were restored from the Aldine edition but the Aldine edition itself was based on Erasmus first edition so, Very helpful and thorough. O Jerusalem, I am calling it a KJV-PT. O Hades, where is thy sting? He taught English on CBC TV 'Let's Speak English'. 21. Despite the strong support weve just seen, the Majority Text theory does have some significant weaknesses. I started with a NKJV, then last 10 years or so a NASB. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. Persecution under Diocletian and Galerius (303-324). Majority Text advocates will typically argue that the earliest Byzantine manuscripts were lost because no other climate on earth is as favorable for preserving documents as Egypt. Matthew 20:16 New King James Version (NKJV) (Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland). (Dont ask how much re-writing that took.). (On average. Its curious that Codex Vaticanus is given the position of most important when the actual quality of the transcription leaves something to be desired. There are variations within each family, but overall their Textual Variants share a familial linkage with other members of their family. I have gone back and forth myself on this issue. Obviously they were different and didnt always agree. Thank you for a very educational and splendid essay on comparative text types. It is known by other names, such as the Traditional Text, Majority Text, Byzantine Text, or Syrian Text. "Our Church holds the infallible and genuine deposit of the Holy Scriptures: of the Old Testament a true and perfect version, of the New the divine original itself." And so we have always held that the Septuagint is the authoritative version of the Old Testament. God bless you, brother. All flesh is grass, More on that in a moment. Of course, that is assuming the number is correct. While I do not pretend to know your heart motives, I firmly believe you are of the same nature as the Gray Questioner, and will have the same affect on good people who fall into the web of your communications. The words are in English. Died at Toronto. The other six occurrences in 1 Corinthians, including verse 10, all refer to the head as the body part that rests on the shoulders. Yet the conclusions of Homeric scholarship based on a transmissional-historical approach stand in sharp contrast to those of NT eclecticism: We have to assume that the original was a medium [= vulgate] text The longer texts were gradually shaken out: if there had been free trade in long, medium, and short copies at all periods, it is hard to see how this process could have commenced. For every problem others find with it, I find the solution in it. The term Septuagint, meaning "seventy," actually refers to the seventy-two translatorssix from each tribe of Israelinvolved in translating the Pentateuch from Hebrew to Greek in the third-century BCE (seventy-two is rounded down to seventy, hence the Roman numeral LXX). Its currently in its 28th edition (as of spring 2020). Aside: I try not to run in circles as I have found you dont get very far! These divisions arent hard and fast, but rather provide a framework to talk about the different Textual Variants. Its possible, but definitely not certain. 19. The translation is quite in order and your accusation of intentional mistranslation is unfounded. Nice article, well-balanced and thoughtful. Good read for the history and context of the KJV. I like my NASB95, but wouldnt touch the NASB2020 with 39 1/2 foot pole (allusion intended) Im looking forward to the Legacy Standard Bible, especially because of the Tetragramaton being translated Yahweh (though I think theres a better pronunciation of YHWH, Ill take it!) It would be difficult to entrust our salvation in Jesus Christ to the very same God who could not keep His Word pure. 14 O God, the proud are risen against me, and the assemblies of violent men have sought after my soul; and have not set Thee before them. The blurb said, in Latin, "This is the text that is received by all.". Apparently, the note-writer regarded Codex Vaticanus as a museum-piece to be protected and preserved, rather than as a copy of Scripture to be used as such. However, theres a very big problem when someone makes a dogmatic doctrinal position without the support of scripture. I believe there are a great number of such documents or manuscripts. One of the most striking traits of the New Testament textual tradition is its tenacity. Aland & Aland,The Text of the New Testament, p. 56. These two passages go together because 1 Peter 1:24-25 is quoting Isaiah 40:8. For yet a little while, and he that shall come will come, and will not tarry. The scribes line of sight skips from the first instance of the word text to the second instance of the word text, accidentally skipping everything in between (the red text in the example). 21 who through Him believe in God, who raised Him from the dead and gave Him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God. And so saying, he took down from the corner of the room a bulky kind of volume, wrapped up in a red cloth, and laid it before me. Given its long history of transmission with very little change and the common sense idea that scribes will choose better manuscripts, I think that makes sense. d. Therefore, we will refer to the two lineages based on their origins: Antioch/Antiochian and Alexandria/Alexandrian. Much to chew on. Again, Westcott and Hort were mistaken as nearly all major textual variants had appeared before the year 200. I havent heard a sound from the bedroom, but perhaps she suddenly learned how to be ninja-quiet? However, you must uncheck four boxes in the AutoCorrect option on the Tools menu in Word 97+. Are you aware that the Received Text (Textus Receptus) is essentially a 16th century Critical Text? The TR had the singular in 1550 but was changed to the plural in the 1894 TR. ) Both Textual Variants are meaningful, but its nearly impossible for them to be original (they arent viable). Or perhaps youd use all of three, using the combination to correct the few small variants between them. They are especially frequent in the Septuagint portion. It is the indispensable means of salvation, and is the foundation of faith for all who believe. That leads to the possibly the most humorous and unsettling thing about these correctors: the addition of a rebuke by one corrector to another. MT: Jewish Old Testament in Hebrew and Aramaic, compiled 7th-10th Century AD from various earlier texts. This is my second reading of your article. Bless you for all of your hard work, many Christians are highly caught up in fear of being misled by the written word. You have become another critic and not a defender of the faith. It has nothing to do with a woman not being in subjection to male authority. The original rules set down by Westcott &Hort arent consulted terribly often anymore. As I said, the Lord promised to preserve the Word used by His true church. Im still waiting for you to answer my first question. Further, it means all the manuscript findings of the last 140+ years are given very little consideration in modern Bibles. That much is obvious. The two words textum and receptum were changed from the Latin accusative case (direct object) to the Latin nominative case (subject) to render it Textus Receptus. Before Gutenberg invented the printing press in the early-mid 1400s, everything was copied by hand. The core message of the gospel isnt compromised in any of these documents. These singular reading disappeared, never to be seen again. Again as shown in the article, there are no less than 27 different versions, so which one should we use? From that point forward, the Roman Catholic Church preferred to keep their manuscript tradition in Latin rather than Greek. The Longer Ending of Mark (16:9-20); Was it Original or Added? For simplicitys sake, lets assume the letter went to five churches, and then is accidentally destroyed. These are variants where its essentially impossible for them to have been original, even if they would change the meaning of the text. Lets say 2 or 3 scribes start making changes to suit their own theological biases. How can you that claim textual criticism is bad and yet support a document that was created via textual criticism? Further, this can happen in smaller increments too. The longer reading is found in the Majority Text, but not in the Critical text. That simply cannot be used as evidence to prove there were errors in the Bibles used by the church. Obviously not! (Note: the Byzantine Text type has several names, including the Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, and Syrian Text.). The WEBs over her own head makes it sound like the woman must listen to no one but herself because she is under her own authority. It is amazingly accurate and when there is a problem, the solution is well worth searching out from God. His translation can be purchased for about $10. You previously said we should use the TR, or KJV which is based on the TR. These different philosophies naturally produced slightly different results, Overall, the Critical Text of the modern Greek New Testament bears a remarkable resemblance to the original work done by Westcott & Hort. But God, who is rich in mercy, because of his great love that he had for us, made us alive with Christ even though we were dead in trespasses. I dont have particular references for that other than reading quotes of his letters to that regard here and there. The medium Byzantine text with its near identical form for 1000+ years is ignored, and the shorter Alexandrian text is preferred. http://www.westernrecorder.org/825.article. In any case, there are no NT readings based on the critical text in the NKJVwell, maybe one that looked suspicious. Persecution under Maximinus the Thracian (235-38). Do you have a source for the first one? 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